The weather change could bring with it allergy symptoms including a stuffy, runny nose or stinging eyes, making you reach out for tissue after tissue. The main airborne allergens are pollen and dust whereas indoor substances like house dust mites and mould spores are behind allergy attacks year round.

Types of Allergies :

Allergies, which can interfere with daily activities and impact quality of life, are known to reduce productivity and lead to absenteeism at work and at school.

• Allergic rhinitis is caused by pollen as well as pollutants like mould, dust mites and animal dander. It presents symptoms including sneezing and runny nose.
• Allergic conjunctivitis is similar to allergic rhinitis in causes and symptoms, but it affects the eyes as well.
• Allergic asthma symptoms include wheezing and persistent cough, especially at night or early morning, triggered by mould spores, pollen and dust. Exposure to cold air too can cause lung inflammation, causing a cough.

If the immune system is oversensitive, it reacts to allergens by producing antibodies to ward off the harmful allergens. Over time, the body becomes sensitised to a specific allergen. So when antibodies detect an allergen, they release chemicals to fight the intrusion resulting in symptoms like sneezing and a runny nose.

Some people become oversensitive to allergens.

Medically we refer to this as atopic or to have atopy, which means that such people produce more antibodies than others. In addition, the chances of developing allergies increase if you have grown up in a household with smokers, your exposure to dust mites and pets, as well as if you have overused antibiotics.

Decongestant nasal sprays.

Decongestant nasal sprays should be avoided, especially in the long term, as they can cause rebound congestion and reduced efficacy over repeated use. Anti-histamines can be used, but one has to be aware of their potential side effects like drowsiness, weight gain and, in rare cases, irregular heartbeat.

During peak pollen-release hours early morning and evening windows should be closed. Avoid drying clothes outside when the pollen count is high and avoid grassy areas like parks.

What You Can Do:

• To prevent mould spores: keep your home dry and well ventilated.
• To prevent dust mites:  vacuum and dust interiors  with a damp, clean cloth regularly. Cover upholstery, mattresses and pillows in allergy-resistant material.